9 Quick Fixes to Unfortunately TouchWiz has stopped Of Tecno Spark 20 | Dr.fone
9 Quick Fixes to Unfortunately TouchWiz has stopped Of Tecno Spark 20
“Unfortunately TouchWiz home has stopped” is the talk of the town due to annoying TouchWiz UI, a front-end user interface developed by Tecno Spark 20. Not to mention, the Tecno Spark 20 has borne a whole lot of heat from its agitated users over the years and the reason is pretty much obvious due to the pre-installed bloatware apps and the theme launch “TouchWiz home”. That not just brutally annoys users and eats up a heck of internal storage space but lags up too often due to low speed and stability. As a result users end up with “Unfortunately TouchWiz home has stopped” and “Unfortunately, TouchWiz has stopped”. Apparently, there are several flaws in the design and functioning of this launcher and hence, Touchwiz keeps stopping or becomes unresponsive.
ZoneAlarm Extreme Security NextGen
Part 1: Common scenarios when TouchWiz keeps stopping
Here in this section, we will introduce some scenarios that can be blamed for why TouchWiz is not working. Check out the following points:
- More often than not, the TouchWiz keeps stopping after an Android update. When we update our Tecno Spark 20 device, the old data and cache usually conflicts with TouchWIz thereby cropping up this mess.
- When you disable some built-in apps, you might get in trouble with TouchWiz. Doing this sometimes can hamper the TouchWiz operation and raise the “**unfortunately TouchWiz home has stopped**” error message.
- Many times installing some third-party apps and widgets can cause this problem. The apps like launchers can be conflicting with TouchWiz home launcher and therefore cease it to work. Also, a glitched widget is responsible for the same i.e. forces stop the TouchWiz.
Part 2: 9 Fixes to “Unfortunately TouchWiz has stopped”
Fix “TouchWiz keeps stopping” by repairing Android system
When your TouchWiz keeps stopping and you aren’t able to proceed further, the best way to handle the situation is to repair the Android system. And the best that can help you to serve the purpose is Dr.Fone - System Repair (Android). It has the ability to fix any sort of Android system issue without any complications. To fix this issue, the tool only takes few minutes of yours and performs smoothly. Moreover, you don’t have to worry if you aren’t tech pro. This tool requires no special technical know-how. Here are the advantages you get with this tool.
Dr.Fone - System Repair (Android)
One click tool to fix “Unfortunately TouchWiz has stopped”
- A very easy tool that fixes problems in just one click
- Provides full support all day all night as well as offers 7 day money back challenge
- Enjoys higher success rate and considered as first tool carrying such amazing functionalities
- Able to fix wide variety of Android issues including app crashing, black/white screen of death
- Fully secured and no harm regarding any virus infection
3,211,972 people have downloaded it
Step 1: Download the Program
The one-click repairing process begins with downloading Dr.Fone from its official website. When it is downloaded, follow the installation steps. Upon successful installation, launch the tool on your PC.
Step 2: Connect your Tecno Spark 20 Device
After you open the software, hit on the “System Repair” button from the main interface. With the help of a genuine USB cable, get your Tecno Spark 20 phone and connect it with the computer.
Step 3: Choose the Tab
Now, from the next screen, you are supposed to choose “Android Repair” tab. It is given on the left panel.
Step 4: Enter Right Information
Please keep your mobile details handy as you will need them in the next window. You will need to enter the correct brand, model, and country name etc. for better detection of your device.
Step 5: Confirm Actions
This process may result in removing your data hence we strongly recommend you to keep a backup of your data.
Tip: You can use Dr.Fone – Phone Backup (Android) to backup your Tecno Spark 20 device in case you’re wondering how.
Step 6: Take your Device in Download mode
You will get some instructions on your screen to keep your device in Download mode. Follow them according to the Tecno Spark 20 device you own and hit “Next”. When you do this, the program will detect your device and let you download the latest firmware.
Step 7: Repair Device
Now, when the firmware is downloaded, the program will itself begin to repair your device. Wait and keep the Tecno Spark 20 device connected until you get the notification for process completion.
Clear the cache data the TouchWiz
Maximum Android devices are designed to deleted cache data upon getting updated to the newest Android system. However, Tecno Spark 20 stands as an exception in such case. And therefore, many times TouchWiz starts stopping right after upgrading. Thus, due to the collection of cache data, TouchWiz can display error. This calls for removing the cache from TouchWiz and run things smoothly. Here is how to do this:
- Tap on “Apps” from the Home screen firstly.
- Launch “Settings” afterwards
- Look for “Applications” and tap on it followed by “Application Manager”.
- When Application Manager gets opened, swipe towards right to get into the “All” screen.
- Now, choose “TouchWiz” and tap “Clear Cache”.
- Now, tap “Clear Data” followed by “OK”.
- Now restart your device.
Please note that this will delete all your Home screens post this method.
Disable Motion & gesture settings
The functions regarding Motions and Gestures can be responsible for why TouchWiz home has stopped in your device. Usually the Tecno Spark 20 devices running on Android version less than Marshmallow are prone to encountering this issue. Or the Tecno Spark 20 devices having modest specs often fall prey to the issue. When you disable these settings, you might get out of the problem.
Change the Animation Scale
When you use TouchWiz, it may consume higher memory usage for high amount of graphic maintenance. As a result, the “**unfortunately TouchWiz home has stopped**” error might crop up. Taking this into consideration, you should try reconfiguring the animation scale and get rid of the error. Here’s how:
Clear Cache Partition
In case the above steps didn’t figure out the problem, here is the next tip. This method can be counted as one of the most effective one. Because it is able to fix minor issues in Android devices, we recommend you for “**TouchWiz home has stopped**” issue too. Let us know how you can do it:
- Turn off your Tecno Spark 20 device.
- Start pressing and holding “Volume Up” and “Power” buttons simultaneously.
- Keep doing this until you see the Android screen. This will take your device into recovery mode.
- You will observe some options on the screen. Take help of Volume buttons, scroll down to choose “Wipe Cache Partition”. Press Power button to confirm and the Tecno Spark 20 device will be rebooted.
Check now if the error is eliminated. If unfortunately not, please try the following solution.
Enable the easy mode
For some users, enabling Easy Mode has been of great assistance. This feature aims to make the user experience more efficient by simply eliminating complex features. The Easy Mode removes those features that confuse the users by messing up the screen. Hence, we suggest you to switch to this mode in order to remove “**TouchWiz not working**” problem. The steps are:
- Open “Settings” and go to “Personalization”.
- Hit on “Easy Mode” now.
It will help you to write dynamic data reports easily, to construct intuitive dashboards or to build a whole business intelligence cockpit.
KoolReport Pro package goes with Full Source Code, Royal Free, ONE (1) Year Priority Support, ONE (1) Year Free Upgrade and 30-Days Money Back Guarantee.
Developer License allows Single Developer to create Unlimited Reports, deploy on Unlimited Servers and able deliver the work to Unlimited Clients.
Hope the TouchWiz won’t keep stopping error does not pop up anymore!
Boot your phone to safe mode
Here is the next solution to be followed when TouchWiz keeps stopping. As we already said, third-party apps can cause this issue, booting your device in the Safe mode will disable those apps temporarily. Hence you need to boot your Tecno Spark 20 device to Safe mode and check if the reason is any third-party app.
- Switch off your device to initiate.
- Press “Power” button and keep doing this until device’s logo appears on the screen.
- When you see logo appearing, instantly release the button and start holding “Volume Down” button.
- Keep holding until rebooting finishes.
- You will now witness “Safe mode” on the bottom screen. You can now release the button.
Reset Factory settings
If the above method went futile and you’re still at the same place, then factory reset is the next logical step to be taken. We suggest this method because it will take your device to its factory state. As a result, TouchWiz will probably get normal and work perfectly.
Along with this, we would also suggest you go take backup of your data so that you won’t lose any of the personal information from your device after performing factory reset. For your convenience, we have stated the backup steps too in the following guide. Have a look:
- Run “Settings’ in your device and go to “Backup & Reset”.
- Notice if “Back up my data” is enabled or not. If not, turn it on and create backup.
- Now, scroll for “Factory Data reset” option and confirm it by clicking “Reset Phone”.
- Wait a few minutes and your device will reboot.
Install a new launcher to replace TouchWiz
We believe that you will find the above methods helpful. However, if still in case your TouchWiz is not working, we advice you that you should install a new theme launcher in your device. It will be a wise option to ditch TouchWiz in such scenario rather than tolerating the problem. Hope this advice will help you.
6 Solutions to Fix Error 505 in Google Play Store on Tecno Spark 20
In case you are receiving the error code 505 while downloading an application from Google play store and have no clue what is it, then this is the right article for you. In this article we are covering the reasons behind the occurrence of Google play error 505. Not only that, we are also providing 6 solutions to fix the error code 505. Usually, this error is seen with Android 5.0 Lollipop version and occurs at the time when you try to install the already downloaded application making it hard to run the app.
Such an error is a kind of permission error. That is, in case you have two similar kinds of applications such as banking apps and both looking for similar kind of permission, causes conflict error named as error 505.
The occurrence chance is more in the old operating systems, 4 KitKat, Android version 4. Let us then proceed to know more about this error 505.
Part 1: Reasons for Google Play error 505
Power Tools add-on for Google Sheets, 12-month subscription
As per the report by some users, error 505 occurs in certain apps such as Weather App, SBI, ITV, Adobe Air 15, We Chat etc.
To have the right idea about the problem, we have listed all the reasons of it occurrence below:
- Google play store is not updated or refreshed (Causes the error during the downloading process)
- Due to installation of an outdated version (In case your Android version is outdated may result in error in the installation process)
- Cache memory(Is the redundant data occurs due to search history)
- Application is not compatible with the Android OS (If the app you are downloading is not the updated may cause error)
- Adobe air app
- Data crash (Many time app or Google play store crashed crashes after downloading it, reason may be some bugs, so many apps are open, less memory etc.)
Now that we know the reasons, let us also learn about the solutions that will guide you to resolve the error code 505.
Part 2: 6 Solutions to fix error code 505
Any error that occurs during downloading or installation process not only hinders with the new app but also takes a large amount of our time to solve the issue. To check that, let us go through the 6 solutions one by one.
Solution 1: One click to make error code 505 disappear
The most common cause for error code 505 pop-up is that Android system files that underpin the Google Play module are corrupted. To make error code 505 disappear in this condition, you should have your Android system repaired.
Software Update Pro - Check and update software installed on your computer.
Dr.Fone - System Repair (Android)
One click to repair Android system and make error code 505 disappear
- Fix all Android system issues like error code 505, error code 495, error code 963, etc.
- One click to fix error code 505. No technical skills required.
- Supports all the new Tecno Spark 20 devices like Galaxy S8, S9, etc.
- Easy-to-understand instructions provided on each screen.
4,999,459 people have downloaded it
Now, you just need to follow these Android repair steps to fix error code 505:
Note: Android repair needs to flash the system firmware, which may erase existing Android data. To prevent data loss, back up all the important data from Android to PC .
Step1: Download the Dr.Fone - System Repair (Android) program , install and launch it. The following interface will pop up.
Step2: Select the “Android Repair” among the 3 tabs, connect your Android to PC, and click “Start”.
Step3: Choose the correct device details from each field, confirm them and continue.
Step4: Boot your Android in download mode, then start downloading the firmware of your device.
SwifDoo PDF Perpetual (2-PC) Free upgrade. No monthly fees ever.
Step5: After the Tecno Spark 20 device firmware is downloaded, the tool will start repairing your Android.
Step6: When your Android is repaired, the error code 505 will disappear.
Solution 2: Check whether Download Manger is ON or not
Many times download manager is set to disable due to which you are not able to download or install the app. So, it is required to make a check whether the download manager is set on or off. So that your installation process will work properly. The process to enable the download manager is as follows.
>Go to Settings
>Select the Application Manger or App (Option depends upon the Tecno Spark 20 device)
At the top, an option will appear
>Swipe right till you locate Download manager at top of the screen of the Tecno Spark 20 device
>Then Select Enable
Enabling download manager to give permission to the Tecno Spark 20 device to start the download or installation process.
Solution 3: Updating to the latest version of OS of your Tecno Spark 20
Working with an old operating system is ok, but many times old version also creates some problem and is the main reason behind the occurrence of any bug or error. So, updating the older version act like a rescue to get rid of any such issue or bug. The Process of updation is quite simple; you just need to follow the below steps and your device is ready to get updated to the latest version. Steps are:
- >Go to Settings
- >Select about Phone
- >Click on System Update
- >Check for updates
- >Click on Update
- >Need to click on Install (if any update is available)
Solution 4: Clearing the cache memory from Google services Framework and Google play store
While browsing data online or through Google play store some cache memory get stored for the fast access to the pages. Below mentioned simple steps will help you in clearing out the cache memory from Google services framework and Google play store.
Process to clear the Cache memory for Google Services Framework
- >Go to Settings
- >Select Applications
- >Click on Manage Applications
- >Click to select ‘ALL’
- >Click on Google services framework
- >Select ‘Clear data and clear cache’
That will remove the cache memory of your Google services framework
Steps to Cache memory of Google Play Store
- >Go to Settings
- >Applications
- >Manage Applications
- >Click to select ‘ALL’
- >Select Google Play store
- >Clear data and clear cache
It will clear the cache of Google play store
Clearing the cache memory remove the extra temporary memory, thus free up space for the further installation process.
Solution 5: Reinstalling play store Updates
The reason behind the installation error code 505 might be Google play store updates.
Due to continuous updation of new apps and services Google Play store used to be flooded with so many updates or sometimes does not updated properly. That sometimes caused the problem in dealing with app installation. Resolving the issue is important to make your play store ready for future updation and installation.
- >Go to Settings
- >Visit Application Manager or Apps
- >Select Google Play Store
- >Click on Uninstalling Updates
- >A Message will appear ‘Change play store app to factory version’- Accept it
- >Now Open Google play store>It will refresh the updates within 5 to 10 minutes(So you need to keep your internet connection on while Google play store is updating its store for new updates.)
Solution 6: Third party App
In the case, error 505 occur due to the installation of two or more apps with duplicate permission of data, as many times we use to install two similar kind of app that creates the situation where both seeking out for somewhat similar permissions for the installation. The manual finding is a long and tiring process. Then you can take the assistance of ‘Lucky Patcher App’ to find out which app is creating the conflict. This app will assist you in finding out the duplicity if any and then modifying it. Through this app, once you will find out which particular app is causing the conflict, then you can delete that conflicting app from your phone so that problem of error code 505 gets sort out.
Download link: https://www.luckypatchers.com/download/
Note: If still, you are in the state of trouble to solve the issue of error code 505 then Google Play help center is here to look out all troubles related to app store and its service. You can check out the details by visiting the following link:
https://support.google.com/googleplay/?hl=en-IN#topic=3364260
Or call them at their call center number regarding the issue.
EmEditor Professional (Lifetime License, non-store app)
Bonus FAQ about Google Play error
Q1: What is a 505 error code?
The HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) error 505: HTTP Version Not Supported response status code means that the HTTP version used in the request is not supported by the server.
Q2: What is a 506 error?
The 506 error code is a frequent error when operating the Google Play Store. You will sometimes see this error code when you are downloading an app. The app may seem to be downloading just fine when suddenly, near the end of the installation, an error occurs, and a message pops up saying, “App could not be downloaded due to an error 506.”
Q3: How to fix the 506?
Solution 1: Restart your device which can help solve most problems.
Solution 2: Remove the SD card safely.
Solution 3: Correct date and time if it is wrong.
Solution 4: Add your Google Account again.
Solution 5: Clear Google Play Store data and cache.
However, sometimes the five simple couldn’t work anymore. A system repair software can be helpful quickly. We really recommend the Dr.Fone - System Repair (Android) , only a few minutes, the error will be fixed.
Conclusion
Not being able to download or install the app is very frustrating and time-consuming also. Therefore, in this article, we went through the reasons behind the occurrence error code 505 as well as resolving the issue by following five effective methods. I hope that you would be able to sort out the error 505 by following above methods thus would be able to install the application without further delay.
Why Is My Tecno Spark 20 Offline? Troubleshooting Guide
Ever had your Tecno Spark 20 claim it’s offline, leaving you scratching your head about where it went wrong? We get it; it’s confusing. That’s why this article is here to untangle the mystery.
In the following sections, we’re diving into the “why is My Tecno Spark 20 offline” dilemma that many Android users face. We’ll break down the possible reasons behind this common issue and guide you through simple steps on how to fix it. By the end of the article, you’ll be able to get back to smooth internet surfing on your Tecno Spark 20. Let’s get started.
Part 1: Why Does My Tecno Spark 20 Say Offline?
When you encounter the “offline” error message, it can disrupt your usual smartphone activities. Suddenly, you find yourself unable to browse the internet, send or receive emails, or stay connected through instant messages.
It’s a frustrating scenario, but let’s break down the potential reasons why your phone might be displaying this offline status:
- Enabling Airplane mode
Why is My Tecno Spark 20 showing offline? Well, one common culprit behind the “offline” message is the accidental activation of Airplane Mode on your Tecno Spark 20. When Airplane Mode is enabled, it disconnects your phone from all wireless networks, rendering it unable to connect to the internet or cellular networks.
- Internet connection issues
Fluctuations in your signal strength or unexpected data loss can also be the culprit behind the “Why is My Tecno Spark 20 offline?” problem. Android devices rely on stable internet connections, and disruptions, whether temporary or prolonged, can lead to this error.
- Glitches or bugs
Sometimes, glitches or bugs in Google apps installed on your Tecno Spark 20 can mislead it into thinking it’s offline. Google Play Services or other related applications may encounter issues, causing the phone to display an “offline” message.
- Firewall restrictions
In some cases, a firewall on your Tecno Spark 20 might be overly restrictive, preventing the Tecno Spark 20 device from establishing a connection to the internet. This security measure, intended to protect your device, can sometimes go overboard and disrupt normal online functionality.
Now, you have understood the potential causes as the first step toward resolving the issue. Next, we’ll guide you through the process of troubleshooting and getting your Tecno Spark 20 back online.
Part 2: How To Fix “Phone Offline” With Internet Connection Problem
Now that we’ve figured out why your phone says it’s offline, let’s tackle the issue head-on. If you’re facing problems like downloads that won’t start, Google Play stuck on “Loading…,” or web pages refusing to load, chances are it’s an internet connection issue causing the problem.
Here are some easy solutions to get your connection back.
Solution 1: Change connection to mobile data
Switching to mobile data can be a quick fix if your Wi-Fi is acting up. It ensures a change in your connection source and might resolve the “Phone offline” issue. Follow these easy steps to change your connection to mobile data:
- Step 1: Swipe down from the top of your screen to access the Quick Settings menu.
- Step 2: Tap the Wi-Fi icon to turn off the Wi-Fi connection.
- Step 3: Tap Mobile Data to turn it on.
Solution 2: On and off Airplane mode
Airplane Mode can sometimes cause connectivity confusion. Turning it off and on essentially resets your phone’s wireless connections, which might resolve the offline issue.
How to on and off Airplane mode on Android:
- Step 1: Swipe down from the top of your screen to access the Quick Settings menu.
- Step 2: Look for the Airplane Mode icon and tap the icon to turn on Airplane Mode.
- Step 3: Wait a few seconds, then tap it again to turn off the Airplane Mode. Now, check if your phone is now online.
Solution 3: Reset network settings
Resetting network settings can help eliminate any configuration glitches that might be causing the phone offline problem. It’s like giving your phone’s connection settings a fresh start.
To reset your network settings, the steps may differ depending on the phone model you are using. However, you can generally do so by looking for the “Network” settings.
- Step 1: Open your phone’s Settings > Connection & sharing.
- Step 2: Find and select “Reset Wi-Fi, mobile networks, and Bluetooth.”
- Step 3: Tap “Reset Settings” and confirm the action and allow your phone to reset.
- Step 4: Reconnect to your Wi-Fi and check if the issue persists.
Solution 4: Restart your Wi-Fi router
Sometimes, the problem might not be with your phone but rather with the Wi-Fi router. Restarting it can refresh the connection and potentially resolve the connectivity problem.
How to restart your Wi-Fi router:
- Step 1: Locate your Wi-Fi router.
- Step 2: Turn off the router using the power button or unplug it.
- Step 3: Wait for about 10–15 seconds before plugging the router back in or turning it on.
- Step 4: Allow the router to restart and establish a connection. Then, check if your phone still shows the “Phone Offline” message.
These solutions should cover the most common connectivity issues. If the problem persists, we’ll explore further steps in the following sections.
Part 3: How To Fix “Phone Offline” Despite Having an Internet Connection
Ever found it odd to receive the frustrating offline error message when you’re sure your internet connection is up and running? If you’ve double-checked your internet connection and your phone still says it’s offline, the issue may lie within your browser, apps, or device settings.
In this part, we’ll answer the question “**Why does My Tecno Spark 20 say offline android?**” despite a seemingly functional internet connection. Then, let’s see other solutions on how to get your device back to its online, fully functional self.
Solution 1: Clear Google Chrome’s cache and data
Sometimes, the answer to “Why is my Android phone offline” can be attributed to a buildup of corrupted or outdated data in your browser’s cache. Clearing the cache and data for Google Chrome can resolve this issue, allowing for a fresh start and potentially eliminating the offline status.
How to clear your browser’s cache and data on Android:
- Step 1: Open the Settings > Apps > Manage Apps.
- Step 2: Locate and tap “Google Chrome” or your preferred browser in the list of installed apps.
- Step 3: Tap “Storage” and select “Clear Cache” to remove temporary files.
- Step 4: Choose “Clear Data” to delete app data. Confirm the action if prompted.
Now, restart Google Chrome and check if the offline error persists.
Solution 2: Re-install Google Chrome
If clearing the cache and data didn’t solve the offline issue, reinstalling Google Chrome can be the next step. A fresh installation can eliminate any underlying glitches or corrupted files that might be causing the persistent offline status.
How to re-install Google Chrome:
- Step 1: Visit the Google Play Store and search for Google Chrome.
- Step 2: Tap “Uninstall” to remove the app from your device.
- Step 3: Wait until it has finished uninstalling your app. Then, tap “Install” to start reinstalling the app.
- Step 4: Once the installation is complete, open Google Chrome and check if the offline error persists while browsing.
Solution 3: Repair the system to fix the phone showing offline
When persistent offline issues seem deeply rooted in your device’s system, a comprehensive system repair may be the solution. Wondershare Dr. Fone’s system repair tool is designed to address a range of system problems, providing a reliable way to fix any problem you have with your phone.
With Dr. Fone’s system repair tool, you can diagnose and resolve “Why is My Tecno Spark 20 offline on Android,” ensuring a smooth and functional Android experience.
Key Features:
- Comprehensive system repair for any devices
- User-friendly interface
- Efficient problem diagnosis
How to use Dr. Fone’s system repair tool:
- Step 1: Open Dr.Fone’s system repair tool
Start by launching Wondershare Dr.Fone on your computer. Go to the Toolbox section and connect your Tecno Spark 20. Choose System Repair and pick Android as your device type.
safe & secure
3,189,324 people have downloaded it
- Step 2: Start the repair
Click Start on the new screen to kick off the repair. Since you’re dealing with an offline connection issue on Android, select System Damage.
- Step 3: Confirm your device details
The platform will detect your Tecno Spark 20’s brand. Confirm the Name, Model, Country, and Carrier. If your device is unlocked, choose OPEN in the Carrier section. Agree to the warning, click Next, and proceed with the repair.
- Step 4: Download firmware.
Follow the instructions to put your Tecno Spark 20 into Download Mode. Once in Download Mode, you will start downloading the firmware.
- Step 5: Confirm Installation
Remember, the repair may erase data. It’s advisable to back up your data first before starting the repair. Enter “000000” to confirm the repair process, shown by a progress bar. Click Done once it is completed and see if your Android is back online.
Power Tools add-on for Google Sheets, Lifetime subscription
Conclusion
Dealing with the “Phone Offline” hiccup on your Tecno Spark 20 can be a real headache. But fear not – we’ve covered a range of solutions to get you back online smoothly. From troubleshooting internet connection problems to addressing browser and app-related glitches, the solutions provided in this guide are designed to cater to a variety of scenarios. If you find it troublesome to try solutions one by one, then we recommend using Dr.Fone directly which is a full toolkit for your phone and can help resolve most device glitches one-off.
Remember, technology can sometimes be tricky. But with patience and the right guidance, you can overcome these challenges.
- Title: 9 Quick Fixes to Unfortunately TouchWiz has stopped Of Tecno Spark 20 | Dr.fone
- Author: Ariadne
- Created at : 2024-07-30 08:48:21
- Updated at : 2024-07-31 08:48:21
- Link: https://howto.techidaily.com/9-quick-fixes-to-unfortunately-touchwiz-has-stopped-of-tecno-spark-20-drfone-by-drfone-fix-android-problems-fix-android-problems/
- License: This work is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.