ZTE Blade A73 5G Bootloop Problem, How to Fix it Without Data Loss | Dr.fone
ZTE Blade A73 5G Bootloop Problem, How to Fix it Without Data Loss
Have you, like many other users, faced the bootloop Android problem and wondered what exactly is Android boot loop. Well, Android boot loop is nothing but an error that makes your phone switch on itself every time you manually turn it off. To be precise, when your ZTE Blade A73 5G does not remain switched off or powered off and starts to boot up automatically after a few seconds, it might be stuck in the boot loop Android.
An Android boot loop is a very common problem and is one of the first symptoms of a soft-bricked device. Also, when your device is experiencing Android boot loop issue, it does not start normally to reach the Home or Locked Screen and remains frozen at the ZTE Blade A73 5G device’s logo, Recovery Mode or a lit-up screen. Many people fear losing their data and other files due to this error and thus, it is a very confusing situation to be in.
We understand the inconvenience caused, therefore, here are ways to tell you how to fix the bootloop problem in Android devices without losing any important data.
However, before moving on, let us learn a little about the causes for the Android boot loop error.
Part 1: What might cause the bootloop issue on Android?
Android boot loop error might seem weird and unexplainable but it occurs because of some specific reasons.
Firstly, please understand that it is a misnomer that boot loop error occurs only in a rooted device. Boot loop Android error can also occur in a stock device with the original software, ROM, and firmware.
In a rooted device, changes made, such as flashing a new ROM or customized firmware which are not compatible with the ZTE Blade A73 5G device’s hardware or existing software, can be blamed for the boot loop problem.
Moving on, when your device’s software is unable to communicate with the system files during the start-up process, Android boot loop problem may arise. Such a glitch is caused if you have recently updated the Android version.
Also, corrupt App update files may also cause the bootloop Android issue. Apps and programs downloaded from unknown sources bring in a particular type of virus that prevents you from using your device smoothly.
All-in-all, Android boot loop error is a direct outcome of when you try to tamper with your device’s internal settings.
Hence, if you are looking for ways to guide you about how to fix boot loop issue, you will have to revamp the ZTE Blade A73 5G device internally by either resetting it or adopting a recovery method.
Read on to know more about how to fix the bootloop error without any data loss when your device suffers from the bootloop Android problem.
Part 2: One click to Fix Android Bootloop without factory reset
If you are trying to figure out how to fix boot loop, the first option you have is the one-click fix to Android Bootloop which involves using the Dr.Fone - System Repair software.
This is designed to repair any data corruption on your device and restores your firmware to its usual working condition.
Dr.Fone - System Repair (Android)
One click to fix boot loop of Android
- #1 Android repair solution from your PC, can fix a wide range of Android system issues, such as boot loop, black screen, etc.
- The software requires no technical expertise, and anybody can use it
- A one-click solution when learning how to fix Android boot loop
- Not require root Android phones.
- Works with most ZTE Blade A73 5G devices, including the latest ZTE Blade A73 5G phones like S22
- Simple and easy-to-use user interface
4,689,059 people have downloaded it
To help you get started, here’s a step-by-step guide on how to use Dr.Fone - System Repair.
Note: This method can erase data on your device, including your personal files, so make sure you’ve backed up your device before proceeding.
Step #1 Download the Dr.Fone - System Repair software from the website and install it onto your computer.
Open the software and select the System Repair option from the main menu to fix the Android bootloop error.
Step #2 Connect your ZTE Blade A73 5G to your computer using the official cable and select the “Android” option from the three menu items. Click “Start” to confirm.
You’ll then need to input the ZTE Blade A73 5G device information, such as your carrier info, device name, model, and country/region in order to ensure you’re downloading and repairing the correct firmware to your phone.
WPS Office Premium ( File Recovery, Photo Scanning, Convert PDF)–Yearly
Step #3 Now you’ll need to put your phone into Download Mode to remove the Android bootloop.
For this, you can simply follow the onscreen instructions for both phones with and without home buttons.
Click “Next”, and the software will begin downloading the firmware repair files.
Step #4 Now you can sit back and watch the magic happen!
Make sure your computer stays connected to the internet, and your device stays connected to your computer throughout the entire process. Once the firmware has been downloaded, it will be automatically installed onto your mobile device, removing the boot loop Android error.
You’ll be notified when the process is done and when you can remove your device and start using free from the boot loop Android error!
safe & secure
Part 3: Soft reset to fix Android bootloop issue
When your device is stuck in Android boot loop, it does not necessarily mean that it is bricked. Boot loop might be occurring due to a simpler problem which can be fixed by turning off your device. This sounds like a home remedy for a serious problem but it works and resolves the problem most of the time.
Follow the steps given below to soft reset your device:
Turn the ZTE Blade A73 5G device off and take out its battery.
If you cannot take the battery out, let the phone be off for about 3 to 5 minutes, and then turn it back on.
Simply performing a soft reset on your device can help you if you are looking for solutions for how to fix the bootloop issue. This a very useful method as it does not result in any kind of loss in data and protects all your media files, documents, settings, etc.
In case the ZTE Blade A73 5G device does not turn on normally and is still stuck in the bootloop Android problem, be prepared to use the troubleshooting techniques given and explained below.
Part 4: Boot into Safe Mode to fix Android boot loop
Booting your ZTE Blade A73 5G into Safe Mode is a useful troubleshooting step to fix boot loop issues caused by third-party apps. When in Safe Mode, the ZTE Blade A73 5G device will start up with only essential system apps, and any downloaded apps that might be causing conflicts won’t run. Here’s how you can boot your ZTE Blade A73 5G into Safe Mode to address the boot loop problem:
Step 1: Power Off Your Device
Hold down the power button until it turns off completely.
Step 2: Access Safe Mode
To enter Safe Mode, follow these steps based on your device model:
- For most Android devices: Press and hold the power button to turn on your device. As soon as the manufacturer’s logo appears, press and hold the Volume Down button until the ZTE Blade A73 5G device finishes booting. You should see “Safe Mode” displayed in the bottom left or right corner of the screen.
- Some devices might require slightly different key combinations. Refer to your device’s user manual or perform an online search for the specific method to enter Safe Mode for your model.
Step 3: Observe the ZTE Blade A73 5G device
Once your device has booted into Safe Mode, use it for a while to see if the boot loop issue persists. If the boot loop doesn’t occur in Safe Mode, it indicates that the problem is likely caused by a third-party app.
Step 4: Identify and Uninstall Problematic Apps
Now that you’re in Safe Mode, it’s time to identify the troublesome app. Start by uninstalling recently installed apps one by one until the boot loop problem is resolved. After each uninstallation, restart your device normally to check if the boot loop still occurs. Continue this process until you find the problematic app.
Step 5: Restart Normally
Once you’ve identified and uninstalled the problematic app, restart your device normally to exit Safe Mode. Your Android device should now start up without getting stuck in a boot loop.
By following these steps and using Safe Mode to isolate problematic apps, you can effectively troubleshoot and resolve boot loop issues on your ZTE Blade A73 5G.
Part 4: Factory reset to fix Android bootloop issue
Factory reset, also known as Hard Reset, is a one-stop solution for all your software resulting in issues. Android boot loop being such problem, can be easily overcome by performing a factory reset.
Please note that all your device’s data and settings will be deleted by adopting this method. However, if you have a Google account signed in on your ZTE Blade A73 5G, you will be able to retrieve most of your data once the ZTE Blade A73 5G device turns on.
To factory reset your Android boot loop device, you must first boot into the Recovery Mode screen.
To do this:
Press the volume down button and power button together until you see a screen with multiple options before you.
When you are at the Recovery Mode screen, scroll down using the volume down key, and from the options given, select “Factory Reset” using the power key.
Wait for your device to perform the task and then:
Reboot the phone in Recovery Mode by selecting the first option.
This solution is known to fix the boot loop error 9 out of 10 times, but if you still can’t start your ZTE Blade A73 5G normally, consider using a CWM Recovery to resolve the Android boot loop issue.
Part 5: Use CWM Recovery to fix bootloop on rooted Android
CWM stands for ClockworkMod and it is a very popular custom recovery system. To use this system to solve the boot loop Android error, your ZTE Blade A73 5G must be rooted with CWM Recovery System which basically means CWM must be downloaded and installed on your device.
Furthermore, to use CWM Recovery to fix boot loop on rooted Android devices, follow the steps given below:
Press the home, power, and volume up buttons to launch the CWM Recovery screen.
Note: you might have to use a different combination of keys to enter into Recovery Mode, depending on your device’s model.
Scroll down using” the volume key to select “Advanced”.
Now select “Wipe” and choose to wipe “Dalvik Cache”.
In this step, select “Mounts and Storage” to click on “Wipe” or “Cache”.
Once this is done, make sure to reboot your ZTE Blade A73 5G.
This process with successfully fix the Android boot loop error and not cause any loss of data stored on your device stuck in boot loop.
So the bottom line is that boot loop Android issue may seem like an irreparable error but it can be resolved by carefully following the techniques explained above. These methods not only tell you how to fix the bootloop problem but also prevent it from occurring in the future.
An Android boot loop is a common phenomenon with all Android devices because we tend to tamper with our device’s internal settings. Once the ROM, firmware, kernel, etc are damaged or rendered incompatible with the ZTE Blade A73 5G device’s software, you cannot expect it to function smoothly, hence, the boot loop error occurs. Since you are not the only one suffering from the Android boot loop problem, be rest assured that the ways, given above, to combat it are recommended by users facing similar troubles. So, don’t hesitate and go ahead to try them on.
safe & secure
## Troubleshooting Guide: How to Fix an Unresponsive ZTE Blade A73 5G ScreenSmart devices have become an integral part of our lives, and ZTE Blade A73 5G phones are increasingly popular due to their advanced features and affordable prices. These phones offer numerous benefits, including high-quality cameras, fast processors, long-lasting batteries, and sleek designs.
However, like any other electronic device, ZTE Blade A73 5G phones can sometimes encounter issues that may impede their functionality. One common problem that users face is an unresponsive screen, which can be frustrating and disruptive to daily activities.
This article will discuss some valuable solutions for dealing with ZTE Blade A73 5G phone screen unresponsiveness. We will provide step-by-step instructions for troubleshooting and getting your phone back in working order. Whether you’re a novice or an experienced user, these tips and tricks will help you navigate this problem and get back to using your phone without any issues. So, let’s dive in and explore how to fix a ZTE Blade A73 5G phone with an unresponsive screen.
What causes the ZTE Blade A73 5G Screen unresponsive?
The ZTE Blade A73 5G screen may become unresponsive due to various reasons. Here are some common situations and their possible causes:
During Use/Gaming: The screen may become unresponsive due to overheating when using or gaming on a ZTE Blade A73 5G phone. This can be caused by running too many apps simultaneously or playing games for an extended period, especially on models such as the ZTE Blade A73 5G 9 Pro, which generates much heat during gaming.
**No Response When Touching the Screen:**Sometimes, the ZTE Blade A73 5G screen may not respond when touched due to a faulty touch screen or display. This can happen due to physical damage or a manufacturing defect. Some ZTE Blade A73 5G Nord 2 users have reported this issue.
After Dropping the Phone: If a ZTE Blade A73 5G phone has been dropped, the screen may become unresponsive due to physical damage or a loose connection. This can happen to any model, including the ZTE Blade A73 5G.
Overheating, physical damage, and manufacturing defects are some common causes of ZTE Blade A73 5G screen unresponsiveness, which may occur during use/gaming, no response when touching the screen, or after dropping the phone.
The common solutions to solve a ZTE Blade A73 5G Screen unresponsive
Here are the three most common solutions to deal with phone screens being unresponsive, regardless of the brand:
Restart the ZTE Blade A73 5G device
Restarting the ZTE Blade A73 5G device is a simple and quick solution to an unresponsive phone screen. To restart the phone, press and hold the power button until the screen turns off, then press and hold the power button again to turn the phone back on.
Check the Charging Port and Battery
Sometimes, an unresponsive screen can be caused by a dead battery or a faulty charging port. To check for these issues:
Step 1: Plug the phone into a charger and wait for at least 30 minutes to see if the battery charges.
Step 2: Try a different charger or cable to see if the issue is with the charging accessories.
Contact the Pros
If the above solutions don’t work, contacting a professional is best. A trained technician can diagnose and fix the problem. Contact the phone manufacturer or an authorized repair center to get help with your phone.
For different ZTE Blade A73 5G models, there may be additional solutions to consider:
Check the Phone’s Temperature
Sometimes, a ZTE Blade A73 5G phone’s screen, specifically ZTE Blade A73 5G 8 Pro, may become unresponsive due to overheating. To check the phone’s temperature:
Step 1: Go to Settings > Battery > Battery Temperature.
Step 2: If the phone is overheating, let it cool down before using it again.
Reset to Factory Settings
A factory reset may help fix the problem if none of the above solutions work. Note that this will erase all data and settings on the phone, so be sure to back up your data before resetting. To reset the phone:
Step 1: Go to Settings > Additional Settings > Backup and Reset > Erase All Data.
Step 2: Follow the on-screen instructions to reset the phone.
Replace a New Screen
If the phone’s screen is physically damaged or cracked, it may need to be replaced. To replace the screen:
- Contact a professional repair center or the manufacturer for replacement parts and installation.
How to avoid ZTE Blade A73 5G Screen being unresponsive?
To avoid ZTE Blade A73 5G screen being unresponsive, here are some suggestions based on the possible causes:
Check Software Updates on Time
Make sure to regularly check for and install software updates on your ZTE Blade A73 5G phone. These updates often include bug fixes and security patches that can help prevent issues like overheating and screen unresponsiveness.
Check Hardware from Time to Time
Regularly inspect your phone’s hardware components such as charging ports, battery, and screen for any signs of damage or wear and tear. If you notice any issues, get them fixed promptly to prevent them from causing further damage.
Avoid extreme temperatures
Keep your ZTE Blade A73 5G device in a temperature-controlled environment. High temperatures can cause the screen to become unresponsive, and low temperatures can cause it to freeze.
Keep the screen clean
Dirt and debris on the screen can cause it to become unresponsive. Use a microfiber cloth to clean the screen regularly.
Reduce the number of running apps
Running too many apps at once can overload the system and cause the screen to become unresponsive. Close any apps you’re not using to free up system resources.
Use Wondershare Dr.Fone to Repair or Manage Your Data
Wondershare Dr.Fone is a helpful tool that can help manage and repair your phone’s data. It can be used to back up your data, transfer files between devices, and even fix issues like an unresponsive screen. Dr.Fone has the DF13 version to be launched, which includes more features to help manage your phone’s data effectively.
By following these suggestions, you can help prevent screen unresponsiveness on your ZTE Blade A73 5G phone. Download Dr.Fone at https://drfone.wondershare.com/ to manage your phone’s data effectively and fix any issues that may arise.
safe & secure
Conclusion
ZTE Blade A73 5G phones offer numerous benefits, including high-quality cameras, fast processors, long-lasting batteries, and sleek designs. However, like any other electronic device, ZTE Blade A73 5G phones can sometimes encounter issues, such as an unresponsive screen. The causes of an unresponsive screen may include overheating, physical damage, and manufacturing defects.
To deal with an unresponsive screen, users can try restarting the ZTE Blade A73 5G device, checking the charging port and battery, or contacting a professional. Additional solutions for specific ZTE Blade A73 5G models include checking the phone’s temperature, resetting to factory settings, or replacing a new screen. To avoid an unresponsive screen, users can check software updates on time, inspect the phone’s hardware, avoid extreme temperatures, keep the screen clean, and reduce the number of running apps. Dr.Fone is a helpful tool that can help manage and repair your phone’s data.
How To Fix Part of the Touch Screen Not Working on ZTE Blade A73 5G
You probably touch the screen of your phone hundreds of times per day. It’s no surprise that smartphone touchscreens are one of the most common components to fail, given their delicate glass construction. However, a part of the touch screen not working on your ZTE Blade A73 5G does not necessarily mean it is a hardware issue. There could be other reasons why your Android’s touch screen stopped responding.
If your phone’s touchscreen frequently fails to respond, there are several things you can try before calling a professional. This article will reveal those proven fixes you can easily perform independently.
Part 1. Why Is Part of My Screen Not Working
There are two possible causes as to why your phone’s touch screen is not working. One is the touch screen may have been damaged, and the other is the ZTE Blade A73 5G device may be experiencing technical difficulties.
If you drop your phone and it becomes stuck against something, the touch screen’s connectivity may fail. Only a part of the touch screen may sometimes become damaged and unresponsive. That may also occur when there is a technical failure, such as the phone hanging. A part of the touch screen not working can occur when malware is downloaded or when phone settings are changed.
Now, the problem can affect any Android phone, and users may encounter the following error messages on their respective phone models:
- ZTE Blade A73 5G P40 lite half touch screen not working
- Nexus touch screen not working
- LG screen is unresponsive to touch
- ZTE Blade A73 5G left side of the screen is not working
- Redmi’s whole screen is unresponsive to touch
Part 2. Different Types of Touch Screen Issues and What You Should Check Before Fixing
You may experience a variety of touch screens not working on Android issues:
- A certain part of the touch screen is not working.
- Your touches do not register on the touch screen.
- The touch screen incorrectly responds to your touch.
- Half touch screen is not working.
- The touch screen becomes frozen or hangs.
- The screen flashes, flickers, or remains blank.
- Theleft side of the phone screen is not working.
Before proceeding to how to fix an unresponsive touch screen on an Android device, you should complete the following steps:
- Examine the screen of your device. Check to see if it is cracked or chipped.
- If the screen is damaged, it must be replaced.
- Remove the ZTE Blade A73 5G device cover and screen protector if they are not damaged.
- If there is a sticker on the ZTE Blade A73 5G device screen, you must remove it.
- Before continuing, make sure your screen is spotless.
Part 3. How To Fix Part of the Touch Screen Not Working (No Physical Damage)
If you have already tried running the ZTE Blade A73 5G device in diagnostic mode and verified that it is not physically damaged, then the problem is most likely technical. If your ZTE Blade A73 5G’s screen is not responding to touches for technical reasons, follow the methods below to resolve the issue.
Restart Your Device
When your touch screen stops working, the first thing you should do is restart your device. The operation is known as soft resetting. You cannot turn your device off from the option on the screen because the touch screen is not responding. Here are the steps to take.
Step 1: Hold the “Power” button until the ZTE Blade A73 5G device turns off.
Tip: If you hold down the power button for a few seconds, you will see the “Power Off” and “Restart” options on the screen. You can’t use it because the entire screen isn’t responding. Hence, you should press and hold the “Power” button for as long as necessary.
Step 2: When the ZTE Blade A73 5G device turns off, wait a few seconds.
Step 3: Press and hold the “Power” button to restart the ZTE Blade A73 5G device.
Check to see if the Android auto touch screen is not working problem has been resolved. Otherwise, proceed with the following methods.
Turn On Safe Mode
You should switch to Safe mode whenever an application or piece of software causes a problem on your device. Only the most fundamental system components are loaded and used when operating in Safe mode.
If your touch screen is functional in safe mode, the issue is most likely internal. You can quickly fix the Android touchscreen issue by following the prompts given below to activate the safe mode:
Step 1: To force a restart, press and hold the ZTE Blade A73 5G device’s “Power” button for an extended period.
Step 2: Maintain pressure on the “Power” button. Take your finger off it once you see the manufacturer’s logo.
Step 3: When you let go of the “Power” button, press and hold the “Volume Down” button. After that, a “Safe Mode” label will appear in your screen’s lower-left corner.
Turn Off Developer Options
Every smartphone is bound to have limitations. However, smartphone makers include a “Developer Options” menu for advanced users. Here, restrictions are removed, and user preferences can be customized.
If you enable Developer Options on some Android devices, they may stop working properly. If you have recently activated Developer Options and your touchscreen is no longer responding as expected, you should disable it. To do so, follow the instructions below:
Step 1: Launch the Settings app on your device.
Step 2: Select the System menu item, which usually locates at the bottom of the screen.
Step 3: Tap the Advanced options menu, then select Developer Options.
Step 4: You will then find the switch to turn it on or off. Disable itby toggling the button off.
Step 5: Restart your device to check if the part of the touch screen not working issue has been resolved.
Reset Device to Factory Settings
Resetting your device to its factory settings will return it to its state when you first unboxed it. All your phone’s data and installed apps will be erased, including any malware on your device that may be causing the issue to occur. Here’s how to restore your device to factory settings:
Step 1: Since your touch screen is not working, you can factory reset it using Google’s Find My Device web service.
Step 2: Go to Find My Device from any device and sign in to the Google account associated with the damaged screen device.
Step 3: After successfully logging in, you will see your device’s name. Select the Erase Device option.
Step 4: Confirm by pressing the Erase Device button.
Tip: Since all your data will be removed, it’s recommended to back up your data first before resetting your device to factory settings.
Part 4. Fix Using a Third-Party App – Wondershare Dr.Fone
If you’ve exhausted all other options and still can’t fix your Android’s part of the touch screen not working issue, it’s time to resort to Dr.Fone – System Repair! It allows you to repair Android system issues with a single click.
Many users have reported exceptions on their Android devices, such as touch screen failure, black screen of death, system UI failure, app crashing, etc. And in this case, people should seek an Android repair tool.
Dr.Fone – System Repair has made it easier than ever for Android users experiencing technical issues with their device, including an unresponsive touch screen, among other system issues. The best part is that no data will be lost while repairing Android system issues.
Follow the steps given below on how to use Wondershare Dr.Fone System Repair for Android:
Step 1: Select the System Repair option from the main window after starting Dr. Fone.
Step 2: Connect your ZTE Blade A73 5G or tablet to the computer using the appropriate cable. Choose Android Repair from the three options shown on the left side of the screen.
Step 3: The device information screen will appear in the next window. There, input your device’s unified brand, name, model, country/region, and carrier information. Then click Next after you confirm the warning.
The Android repair procedure may wipe out all data on your device. To confirm and proceed, enter “000000”.
Note: It is strongly advised that you back up your Android data before attempting Android repair.
WPS Office Premium ( File Recovery, Photo Scanning, Convert PDF)–Yearly
Step 4: Before repairing your ZTE Blade A73 5G, you must boot it into Download mode. To boot your ZTE Blade A73 5G or tablet into DFU mode, follow the steps below:
For a device that has a Home button:
- Turn off your phone or tablet.
- Hold the Volume Down, Home, and Power buttons for 5 to 10 seconds.
- To enter Download mode, release all the buttons and press the Volume Up button.
For a device that lacks a Home button:
- Turn off the ZTE Blade A73 5G device.
- Hold the Volume Down, Bixby, and Power buttons for 5 to 10 seconds.
- To enter Download mode, release all the buttons and press the Volume Up button.
Step 5: Then press the Next button. The program will then download the firmware. After downloading and verifying the firmware, the program will automatically repair your ZTE Blade A73 5G. And in a while, your ZTE Blade A73 5G’s system issues will be resolved.
Supported OS
Check Dr.Fone’s supported operating systems below before using the application to fix your mobile technical issues.
Platform | Supported OS |
---|---|
Windows | Windows 11/10/8.1/8/7/Vista/XP |
Mac | Mac 14/13/12/11/10.15/10.14/X/10.13/10.12/10.11/10.10/10.9/10.8 |
Key Features
Dr.Fone – System Repair is a data management and recovery tool that contains several toolkits in one program, each designed to repair a specific phone problem. Check out its key features below:
- One-click Android Repair Tool
- Troubleshoots and repairs a wide range of Android system problems, including black screen of death, Play Store not working, apps crashing, phone stuck in a boot loop, and bricked Android issues
- A high success rate for fixing Android system issues
- Fixes Android system back to normal
Pros
Here are the advantages of using Dr.Fone – System Repair:
- Highly intuitive UI/UX/. No need for any skill to operate it
- Provides a comprehensive set of toolkits, including advanced data recovery and system repair
- Data management is simple and seamless for both Android and iOS devices
- Data backup with Dr. Fone is simple and quick.
Cons
Check below to know Dr.Fone – System Repair’s limitations:
- Depending on the toolkit required, the program can be costly.
safe & secure
Conclusion
Fixing an Android part of the touch screen not working issue can be quickly done with just a few fixes you can do on your own. However, there may be times when the solutions provided above may not work, and the worst part is factory resetting your phone erases all your data.
That’s why Dr.Fone – System Repair might be your best solution. It has all the tools you need to keep your ZTE Blade A73 5G 100%. Not only that, but with Dr.Fone, you can repair your Android system issues without dealing with any data loss.
- Title: ZTE Blade A73 5G Bootloop Problem, How to Fix it Without Data Loss | Dr.fone
- Author: Ariadne
- Created at : 2024-07-30 13:03:56
- Updated at : 2024-07-31 13:03:56
- Link: https://howto.techidaily.com/zte-blade-a73-5g-bootloop-problem-how-to-fix-it-without-data-loss-drfone-by-drfone-fix-android-problems-fix-android-problems/
- License: This work is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.